Complete List of Executive Orders Signed by President Trump on His First Day in Office

Executive Order Aims to Address Misuse of Law Enforcement and Intelligence Agencies in Political Disputes

U.S. government, President Biden has signed an executive order aimed at ending the weaponization of federal agencies against political opponents. The directive comes after widespread concerns regarding the misuse of law enforcement and intelligence agencies during the previous administration, with accusations that these agencies were deployed to target individuals for their political beliefs rather than to uphold justice.

Addressing Past Misconduct

The executive order outlines a detailed process to examine the actions taken by federal agencies over the last four years, focusing on civil and criminal enforcement. The President’s order specifically targets agencies such as the Department of Justice, the Securities and Exchange Commission, and the Federal Trade Commission, calling for a review of their conduct and identifying any instances where they acted outside the intended scope of their legal authority.

The President’s concerns stem from reports that these agencies engaged in politically motivated actions, such as investigations and prosecutions aimed at critics of the previous administration. Notably, the order highlights the targeting of parents protesting at school board meetings and individuals exercising their constitutional rights, with some even facing legal repercussions for actions that seemed to be protected under the First Amendment.

Oversight of Intelligence Agencies

In addition to law enforcement, the order also demands a review of the Intelligence Community, focusing on whether its actions during the previous administration were in line with the Constitution and U.S. laws. The Director of National Intelligence, in consultation with other heads of intelligence agencies, is tasked with investigating any inappropriate conduct and making recommendations for corrective measures.

Document Retention and Legal Compliance

As part of the effort to hold agencies accountable, the order directs departments and agencies to adhere to legal obligations surrounding document retention. Instances of noncompliance will be referred to the Attorney General for further investigation.

Executive Branch Agencies to Reinstate Full-Time Office Work with Some Exceptions

The heads of all U.S. government departments and agencies are being instructed to end remote work arrangements and require employees to return to their physical duty stations full-time. The new directive, which aims to restore in-person work across the executive branch, comes as a response to evolving workplace needs and a push to bring government operations back to their traditional office-based structure.

Key Provisions of the Directive

The memorandum mandates that, as soon as practicable, all government employees who have been working remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic or other factors must resume in-person work at their designated duty stations. This move is seen as a step toward reestablishing the normal functioning of federal offices and enhancing collaboration among employees.

While the directive calls for a return to in-person work, department and agency heads are empowered to make exemptions as necessary. These exceptions will likely accommodate specific roles that may require continued flexibility or those where remote work is deemed essential for efficiency.

United States has officially withdrawn from the World Health Organization (WHO). This decision follows years of dissatisfaction with the organization's handling of critical global health crises, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic, and concerns over its failure to implement essential reforms and its vulnerability to political pressures from member states.

Purpose Behind the Withdrawal

The United States first notified its intention to withdraw from the WHO in 2020 due to the organization’s inadequate response to the COVID-19 outbreak, which originated in Wuhan, China. Furthermore, the WHO's continued failure to adopt necessary reforms and its disproportionate reliance on the financial contributions of member states, especially those like China, prompted this unprecedented move. Despite having a population over three times that of the United States, China contributes significantly less—nearly 90 percent less—to the WHO’s funding.

This withdrawal is seen as a shift away from an international system perceived to be misaligned with the U.S.’s national interests, both financially and politically.

Immediate Actions and Directives

1. Revocation of U.S. Withdrawal Retraction: The U.S. will formally retract the decision made by the previous administration to revoke the 2020 notice of withdrawal from the WHO. This means the U.S. will move forward with its initial exit from the organization.
2. End of Executive Order 13987: The order, which organized a global health response through U.S. leadership, is now rescinded, signaling a shift in how the U.S. will approach global health issues moving forward.
3. Strengthening U.S. Biosecurity: A dedicated team within the National Security Council will be established to focus on public health and biosecurity, safeguarding the nation’s health interests without WHO involvement.
4. Suspension of U.S. Support for WHO: The U.S. government will halt the transfer of any future funds or resources to the WHO, effectively pausing all support to the organization. U.S. personnel working with the WHO will also be reassigned, and efforts will be made to identify alternative partners to take over WHO’s tasks.
5. Revised U.S. Health Security Strategy: The U.S. will immediately review and replace its existing Global Health Security Strategy, putting an emphasis on addressing health threats from within the country and its closer, more reliable international partnerships.

Formal Notification to the WHO

The Secretary of State will officially notify the United Nations and WHO leadership of the United States’ withdrawal. This action formalizes the departure and marks a significant shift in U.S. participation in global health policy.

Ceasing Negotiations on WHO Agreements

While the U.S. is in the process of withdrawing from the WHO, it will cease any negotiations concerning the WHO Pandemic Agreement and amendments to the International Health Regulations. As a result, any agreements or amendments under consideration will not be binding on the United States.

General Provisions

This executive action will be implemented in accordance with U.S. law and subject to appropriations. The move will not alter the existing legal authority of U.S. departments and agencies or the Office of Management and Budget.

Furthermore, the decision does not create enforceable rights for any parties, maintaining the sovereignty of the U.S. in managing its global health relationships.

In 2017, the United States launched an ambitious agenda focused on putting the American economy, workers, and national security at the forefront of its trade policies. Under this framework, the nation saw rapid economic growth, low inflation rates, improved wages, and strengthened supply chains, all contributing to the revitalization of the American economy. With a continued commitment to American priorities, the administration is now doubling down on policies that will further reduce dependency on foreign nations, preserve resources for Americans, and promote fair and balanced trade.

This new trade policy aims to enhance the nation’s industrial, technological, and security advantages while creating more opportunities for American workers, manufacturers, farmers, ranchers, and businesses.

Tackling Unfair and Imbalanced Trade

To address ongoing trade deficits and national security risks, several actions are planned:

1. Trade Deficit Investigation: The Secretary of Commerce, in coordination with other key agencies, will investigate the causes behind persistent trade deficits, especially concerning goods, and recommend measures to counteract the imbalances. Potential solutions include global supplemental tariffs and other remedial policies.
2. External Revenue Service (ERS): The Treasury Department will explore the feasibility of an ERS to collect tariffs and duties more efficiently, ensuring that foreign trade contributes to U.S. revenue streams.
3. Unfair Trade Practices: A review of global trade practices will be undertaken to identify unfair actions by foreign nations, including violations under U.S. law. This assessment will form the basis for a response strategy.
4. USMCA Review: The administration will review the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) as part of a broader evaluation to ensure that it remains beneficial for American stakeholders, including workers and farmers.
5. Currency Manipulation: A deeper investigation into currency exchange rates and potential manipulation by U.S. trading partners will seek measures to protect American competitiveness in the global market.
6. Bilateral Trade Agreements: Efforts will be made to negotiate trade deals with countries on a bilateral or sector-specific basis, expanding market access for U.S. businesses while maintaining favorable terms for workers and manufacturers.

Strengthening Economic Security

To further bolster the nation's economic security, additional measures will be introduced:

1. Industrial Base Review: A comprehensive review of the U.S. industrial and manufacturing sectors will be conducted to identify vulnerabilities and determine if adjustments to imports are necessary for national security purposes.
2. Export Control System: The U.S. export control system will be evaluated and refined to address emerging threats from geopolitical rivals, ensuring that strategic goods and technologies remain secure.
3. Combatting Counterfeit and Illicit Trade: The administration will assess the impact of current import thresholds and counterfeit products, such as fentanyl, and recommend policy adjustments to protect U.S. consumers and public health.
4. Investment Security Measures: A review of U.S. investments in technologies in countries of concern will be conducted to address national security risks and to potentially modify or enhance the existing Outbound Investment Security Program.

Relations with China

The policy also places significant emphasis on the economic relationship with the People’s Republic of China (PRC):

1. Trade Agreement Review: The administration will assess the PRC’s compliance with the Economic and Trade Agreement and make recommendations for further action, which could include imposing tariffs or other retaliatory measures.
2. Intellectual Property Protection: Intellectual property rights between the U.S. and the PRC will be examined to ensure that U.S. companies receive fair and reciprocal treatment in China.

United States has faced unprecedented levels of migration, with significant impacts on both large cities and small towns. From Charleroi, Pennsylvania, to major urban centers like New York City, Chicago, and Denver, the influx of migrants, including refugees, has put a strain on local resources. As a result, certain states and cities have declared states of emergency due to the overwhelming pressure from migration.

The U.S. currently lacks the capacity to absorb large numbers of refugees without compromising resources, security, and the successful integration of these individuals into American communities. This order addresses the need to suspend the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program (USRAP) to protect public safety, ensure national security, and safeguard American resources. The suspension will remain in place until the entry of refugees is determined to align with U.S. interests.

• Policy

The United States is committed to prioritizing public safety and national security in the administration of the USRAP. The policy aims to admit only those refugees who can fully assimilate into U.S. society and protect taxpayer resources for American citizens. Additionally, states and local governments will be consulted regarding the placement and settlement of refugees within their jurisdictions, as allowed by law.

• Suspension of the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program

(a) Pursuant to sections 212(f) and 215(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), 8 U.S.C. 1182(f) and 1185(a), I declare that the entry of refugees under the USRAP would be detrimental to U.S. interests. As a result, I direct the suspension of refugee entry into the United States, effective January 27, 2025, at 12:01 AM Eastern Standard Time. This suspension will remain in place until a further assessment determines that resumption is in the best interests of the U.S.

(b) The Secretary of Homeland Security will suspend decisions on refugee status applications until further guidance is provided.

(c) Despite the suspension, the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Homeland Security may, at their discretion, admit refugees on a case-by-case basis if they determine that such entry serves the national interest and does not pose a threat to U.S. security or welfare.

(d) The Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Attorney General, will evaluate the extent to which state and local jurisdictions can play a larger role in determining the placement of refugees. A proposal will be developed to allow greater state involvement, and the State Department and Department of Health and Human Services will ensure compliance with consultation requirements.

• Resumption of the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program

Within 90 days of this order, the Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Secretary of State, will submit a report to the President on whether resuming refugee admissions aligns with U.S. interests, considering national security and resource preservation. Further reports will be submitted every 90 days thereafter until the President determines that it is in the U.S. interest to resume refugee admissions.

• Revocation

Executive Order 14013, issued on February 4, 2021, which focused on rebuilding and enhancing refugee resettlement programs, is hereby revoked.

Severability

If any part of this order is found to be invalid, the remainder of the order will remain effective, and the application of other provisions will not be affected.

• General Provisions

(a) This order does not alter the authority of any executive department or agency, nor does it affect the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

(b) The implementation of this order will be consistent with applicable law and subject to available appropriations.

(c) This order does not create enforceable rights or benefits for individuals or parties against the United States, its departments, agencies, or officers.

The privilege of U.S. citizenship stands as a defining element of American identity, deeply rooted in the core values of the nation. The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution recognizes that all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to its jurisdiction, are citizens. This constitutional provision serves as the foundation for U.S. citizenship, ensuring equality and protecting the rights of those born on American soil. The Fourteenth Amendment rectified historical injustices, particularly addressing the discrimination of people of African descent as seen in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case, which wrongly excluded them from citizenship based on race.

However, the Fourteenth Amendment does not confer automatic citizenship to all individuals born within the United States. It has always excluded persons born in the U.S. who are not "subject to the jurisdiction thereof." Further, the U.S. Congress has clarified this provision through 8 U.S.C. 1401, which mirrors the language of the Fourteenth Amendment, specifying that a person born in the United States, and subject to its jurisdiction, is a U.S. citizen from birth.

Certain groups of individuals born in the United States do not qualify for automatic citizenship. This includes children born to a mother who is unlawfully present in the U.S., or where the father is not a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident at the time of the child’s birth. It also extends to children born to mothers whose presence in the U.S. was lawful but temporary (e.g., those visiting on student or tourist visas) and where the father is not a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident.

• Policy

(a) The United States government shall not issue documents recognizing U.S. citizenship, nor accept documents from state or local authorities purporting to recognize U.S. citizenship, to individuals who:
(1) Were born to a mother who was unlawfully present in the U.S., and whose father was not a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident at the time of birth, or
(2) Were born to a mother whose presence in the U.S. was lawful but temporary, and whose father was not a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident at the time of birth.

(b) This policy applies only to individuals born in the United States after 30 days from the issuance of this order.

(c) This order does not affect the eligibility of other individuals, including children of lawful permanent residents, to apply for U.S. citizenship documentation.

• Enforcement Measures

(a) The Secretary of State, Attorney General, Secretary of Homeland Security, and the Commissioner of Social Security are directed to take appropriate measures to ensure their agencies' regulations align with this executive order. Their officers, employees, and agents must act in full accordance with this policy.

(b) All heads of executive departments and agencies must issue public guidance within 30 days on the implementation of this order within their operations and jurisdictions.

• Definitions

For the purposes of this order:
(a) "Mother" refers to the immediate female biological progenitor.
(b) "Father" refers to the immediate male biological progenitor.

• General Provisions

(a) Nothing in this order shall affect or impair:
(i) The authority granted by law to any executive department or agency, or the head thereof, or
(ii) The functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented in accordance with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order does not create any substantive or procedural rights enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, or any officer, employee, or agent thereof.